How to calculate GHG emissions in freight transport? A review of the main existing online tools

About 23 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions are caused by the transportation sector. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development freight transport-related demand in 2050 is expected to triple compared to the values recorded in 2019. In order to comply with regulations that aim to meet precise targets in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, it is necessary to objectively measure the impact of transportation activities with the aim of mitigating emissions. To do this, it is mandatory to have accurate and user-friendly calculation tools. The purpose of this paper is to compare the most widely used tools to assess CO2e transport emissions in transportation, also comparing them to the GLEC methodology, which is compliant with ISO regulations universally recognized as the most appropriate procedure. 3 case studies related to intermodal transport scenarios are assessed and compared using the considered tools. Based on the analyses performed, this research finally proposes some recommendations for reliable calculation of CO2e emissions, in compliance with ISO 14083.