Review of the hydrogen supply chain and use in Africa

The high potential in renewable energy sources (RES) and the availability of strategic minerals for green hydrogen technologies place Africa in a promising position for the development of a climate-compatible economy leveraging on hydrogen. This study reviews the potential hydrogen value chain in Africa considering production and final uses while addressing perspectives on policies, possible infrastructures, and facilities for hydrogen logistics. Through scientific studies research and searching in relevant repositories, this review features the collection, analysis of technical data and georeferenced information about key aspects of the hydrogen value chain. Detailed maps and technical data for gas transport infrastructure and liquefaction terminals in the continent are reported to inform and elaborate findings about readiness for hydrogen trading and domestic use in Africa. Specific maps and technical data have been also collected for the identification of potential hydrogen offtakers focusing on individual industrial installations to produce iron and steel, chemicals, and oil refineries. Finally, georeferenced data are presented for main road and railway corridors as well as for most important African ports as further end-use and logistic platforms. Beyond technical information, this study collects and discusses more recent perspectives about policies and implementation initiatives specifically addressing hydrogen production, logistics, and final use also introducing potential criticalities associated with environmental and social impacts.