Archivio Istituzionale della RicercaIn tokamaks, a leading platform for fusion energy, periodic filamentary plasma eruptions known as edge-localized modes occur in plasmas with high-energy confinement and steep pressure profiles at the plasma edge. These edge-localized modes could damage the tokamak wall but can be suppressed using small three-dimensional magnetic perturbations. Here we demonstrate that these magnetic perturbations can change the magnetic topology just inside the steep gradient region of the plasma edge. We identify signatures of a magnetic island, and their observation is linked to the suppression of edge-localized modes. We compare high-resolution measurements of perturbed magnetic surfaces with predictions from ideal magnetohydrodynamic theory where the magnetic topology is preserved. Although ideal magnetohydrodynamics adequately describes the measurements in plasmas exhibiting edge-localized modes, it proves insufficient for plasmas where these modes are suppressed. Nonlinear resistive magnetohydrodynamic modelling supports this observation. Our study experimentally confirms the predicted role of magnetic islands in inhibiting the occurrence of edge-localized modes. This will be beneficial for physics-based predictions in future fusion devices to control these modes.
Observation of magnetic islands in tokamak plasmas during the suppression of edge-localized modes / Willensdorfer, Matthias; Mitterauer, Verena; Hoelzl, Matthias; Suttrop, Wolfgang; Cianciosa, Mark; Dunne, Mike; Fischer, Rainer; Leuthold, Nils; Puchmayr, Jonas; Samoylov, Oleg; Suárez López, Guillermo; Wendler, Daniel; Null, Null; Aguiam, D.; Alessi, E.; Angioni, C.; Arden, N.; Artigues, V.; Astrain, M.; Asunta, O.; Balden, M.; Bandaru, V.; Banon Navarro, A.; Bauer, M.; Bergmann, A.; Bergmann, M.; Bernardo, J.; Bernert, M.; Biancalani, A.; Bielajew, R.; Bilato, R.; Birkenmeier, G.; Blanken, T.; Bobkov, V.; Bock, A.; Bock, L.; Body, T.; Bolzonella, T.; Bonanomi, N.; Bortolon, A.; Böswirth, B.; Bottereau, C.; Bottino, A.; van den Brand, H.; Brenzke, M.; Brezinsek, S.; Brida, D.; Brochard, F.; Buchanan, J.; Buhler, A.; Burckhart, A.; Camenen, Y.; Cannas, B.; Cano Megías, P.; Carlton, D.; Carr, M.; Carvalho, P.; Castaldo, C.; Castillo Castillo, A.; Cavedon, M.; Cazzaniga, C.; Challis, C.; Chankin, A.; Chomiczewska, A.; Cianfarani, C.; Clairet, F.; Coda, S.; Coelho, R.; Coenen, J. W.; Colas, L.; Conway, G.; Costea, S.; Coster, D.; Cote, T.; Creely, A. J.; Croci, G.; Cruz Zabala, D. J.; Cseh, G.; Cziegler, I.; D'Arcangelo, O.; Molin, A. Dal; David, P.; Day, C.; de Baar, M.; de Marné, P.; Delogu, R.; Denner, P.; Di Siena, A.; Dibon, M.; Dominguez Palacios Durán, J. J.; Dunai, D.; Dreval, M.; Dunne, M.; Duval, B. P.; Dux, R.; Eich, T.; Elgeti, S.; Encheva, A.; Esposito, B.; Fable, E.; Faitsch, M.; Fajardo Jimenez, D.; Fantz, U.; Farnik, M.; Faugel, H.; Felici, F.; Ficker, O.; Figueredo, A.; Fischer, R.; Ford, O.; Frassinetti, L.; Fröschle, M.; Fuchert, G.; Fuchs, J. C.; Fünfgelder, H.; Futatani, S.; Galazka, K.; Galdon-Quiroga, J.; Gallart Escolà, D.; Gallo, A.; Gao, Y.; Garavaglia, S.; Garcia Muñoz, M.; Geiger, B.; Giannone, L.; Gibson, S.; Gil, L.; Giovannozzi, E.; Girka, O.; Gleiter, T.; Glöggler, S.; Gobbin, M.; Gonzalez, J. C.; Gonzalez Martin, J.; Goodman, T.; Gorini, G.; Görler, T.; Gradic, D.; Granucci, G.; Gräter, A.; Grenfell, G.; Greuner, H.; Griener, M.; Groth, M.; Grover, O.; Gude, A.; Guimarais, L.; Günter, S.; Hachmeister, D.; Hakola, A. H.; Ham, C.; Happel, T.; den Harder, N.; Harrer, G.; Harrison, J.; Hauer, V.; Hayward-Schneider, T.; Heinemann, B.; Heinrich, P.; Hellsten, T.; Henderson, S.; Hennequin, P.; Heuraux, S.; Herrmann, A.; Heyn, E.; Hitzler, F.; Hobirk, J.; Höfler, K.; Holm, J. H.; Hölzl, M.; Hopf, C.; Horvath, L.; Höschen, T.; Houben, A.; Hubbard, A.; Huber, A.; Hunger, K.; Igochine, V.; Iliasova, M.; Illerhaus, J.; Insulander Björk, K.; Ionita-Schrittwieser, C.; Ivanova-Stanik, I.; Jachmich, S.; Jacob, W.; Jaksic, N.; Janky, F.; Jansen van Vuuren, A.; Jaulmes, F.; Jenko, F.; Jensen, T.; Joffrin, E.; Kallenbach, A.; Kalis, J.; Kantor, M.; Kappatou, A.; Karhunen, J.; Käsemann, C. -P.; Kasilov, S.; Kazakov, Y.; Kendl, A.; Kernbichler, W.; Khilkevitch, E.; Kircher, M.; Kirk, A.; Kjer Hansen, S.; Klevarova, V.; Klossek, F.; Kocsis, G.; Koleva, M.; Komm, M.; Kong, M.; Krämer-Flecken, A.; Krause, M.; Kreuzeder, A.; Krieger, K.; Kudlacek, O.; Kulla, D.; Kurki-Suonio, T.; Kurzan, B.; Labit, B.; Lackner, K.; Laggner, F.; Lahtinen, A.; Lainer, P.; Lang, P. T.; Lauber, P.; Lehnen, M.; Lerche, E.; Leuthold, N.; Li, L.; Likonen, J.; Linder, O.; Lipschultz, B.; Liu, Y.; Lu, Z.; Luda di Cortemiglia, T.; Luhmann, N. C.; Lunt, T.; Lyssoivan, A.; Maceina, T.; Madsen, J.; Magnanimo, A.; Maier, H.; Mailloux, J.; Maingi, R.; Maj, O.; Maljaars, E.; Maquet, V.; Mancini, A.; Manhard, A.; Mantica, P.; Mantsinen, M.; Manz, P.; Maraschek, M.; Marchetto, C.; Markl, M.; Marrelli, L.; Martin, P.; Matos, F.; Mayer, M.; Mayoral, M. -L.; Mccarthy, P. J.; Mcdermott, R.; Merkel, R.; Merle, A.; Meyer, H.; Michelini, M.; Milanesio, D.; Molina Cabrera, P.; Muraca, M.; Nabais, F.; Naulin, V.; Nazikian, R.; Nem, R. D.; Neu, R.; Nielsen, A. H.; Nielsen, S. K.; Nishizawa, T.; Nocente, M.; Novikau, I.; Nowak, S.; Ochoukov, R.; Olsen, J.; Oyola, P.; Pan, O.; Papp, G.; Paradela Perez, I.; Pau, A.; Pautasso, G.; Paz-Soldan, C.; Peglau, M.; Peluso, E.; Petersson, P.; Piron, C.; Plank, U.; Plaum, B.; Plöckl, B.; Plyusnin, V.; Pokol, G.; Poli, E.; Porte, L.; Puchmayr, J.; Pütterich, T.; Radovanovic, L.; Ramisch, M.; Rasmussen, J.; Ratta, G.; Ratynskaia, S.; Raupp, G.; Redl, A.; Réfy, D.; Reich, M.; Reimold, F.; Reiser, D.; Reisner, M.; Reiter, D.; Rettino, B.; Ribeiro, T.; Ricci, D.; Riedl, R.; Riesch, J.; Rivero Rodriguez, J. F.; Rocchi, G.; Rodriguez-Fernandez, P.; Rohde, V.; Ronchi, G.; Rott, M.; Rubel, M.; Ryan, D. A.; Ryter, F.; Saarelma, S.; Salewski, M.; Salmi, A.; Samoylov, O.; Sanchis Sanchez, L.; Santos, J.; Sauter, O.; Schall, G.; Schlüter, A.; Scholte, J.; Schmid, K.; Schmitz, O.; Schneider, P. 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E.; Willensdorfer, M.; Wiringer, B.; Wischmeier, M.; Wolf, R.; Wolfrum, E.; Yang, Q.; Yoo, C.; Yu, Q.; Zagorski, R.; Zammuto, I.; Zehetbauer, T.; Zhang, W.; Zholobenko, W.; Zilker, M.; Zimmermann, B.; Zito, A.; Zohm, H.; Zoletnik, S.. - In: NATURE PHYSICS. - ISSN 1745-2473. - ELETTRONICO. - 20:12(2024), pp. 1980-1988. [10.1038/s41567-024-02666-y]
Observation of magnetic islands in tokamak plasmas during the suppression of edge-localized modes
Milanesio, D.;
2024
Abstract
In tokamaks, a leading platform for fusion energy, periodic filamentary plasma eruptions known as edge-localized modes occur in plasmas with high-energy confinement and steep pressure profiles at the plasma edge. These edge-localized modes could damage the tokamak wall but can be suppressed using small three-dimensional magnetic perturbations. Here we demonstrate that these magnetic perturbations can change the magnetic topology just inside the steep gradient region of the plasma edge. We identify signatures of a magnetic island, and their observation is linked to the suppression of edge-localized modes. We compare high-resolution measurements of perturbed magnetic surfaces with predictions from ideal magnetohydrodynamic theory where the magnetic topology is preserved. Although ideal magnetohydrodynamics adequately describes the measurements in plasmas exhibiting edge-localized modes, it proves insufficient for plasmas where these modes are suppressed. Nonlinear resistive magnetohydrodynamic modelling supports this observation. Our study experimentally confirms the predicted role of magnetic islands in inhibiting the occurrence of edge-localized modes. This will be beneficial for physics-based predictions in future fusion devices to control these modes.
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https://hdl.handle.net/11583/2995740
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