Vulnerability assessment and lifecycle analysis of an existing masonry arch bridge

This paper presents a comprehensive study on structural verification and proposed improvements for an ancient masonry arch bridge. The research encompasses multiple stages, starting with a detailed survey utilizing LiDAR and aerial techniques to collect precise data on the bridge’s condition. Mechanical inspections assess deterioration levels and identify critical areas requiring attention. Based on the gathered data, a structural model of the bridge is developed, considering geometric parameters and material properties. The model undergoes rigorous verification procedures to assess its seismic response and ensure compliance with safety standards. The analysis includes identifying potential collapse mechanisms, such as the formation of plastic hinges, which can lead to structural failure. The study proposes structural improvements to enhance the bridge’s performance and safety. These interventions specifically target vulnerabilities identified during the verification process. They include additional support elements, reinforcing critical areas, and utilizing advanced materials to improve tensile strength and durability. The feasibility of the proposed retrofitting solutions will be proved by performing a cost analysis, while environmental impacts are evaluated through an environmental assessment (Lifecycle Assessment — LCA) in which all the main bridge refurbishment phases have been included. Finally, some of the advantages of bridge refurbishment measures are shown by comparing the proposed intervention with a bridge reconstruction in terms of costs and environmental impacts. The outcomes of this study contribute to the existing knowledge on the rehabilitation of masonry arch bridges and serve as a valuable reference for engineers and practitioners involved in preserving architectural heritage.