Modello per la simulazione dinamica di modalità innovative di controllo della frequenza e analisi dell’evoluzione dell’inerzia

The energy transition involves a wide spread of renewable generation and a simultaneous reduction of thermoelectric generation, which has been so far a fundamental resource for frequency regulation and for power system inertia. Analyses concerning new flexibility resources, on one hand, and the evolution of inertia, on the other hand, are therefore needed. The first presented activity concerns the upward transient frequency regulation (i.e. inertial) by wind generation and the ultra-fast regulation by battery storage systems, as stated by the specifications of the operator Terna. The dynamic simulations of perturbations on future scenarios of the Sardinian system showed that the wind inertial regulation improves the frequency transient but, in some initial conditions (e.g.: operating point lying in the linear part of the wind-power characteristics), it is not optimal because it causes further frequency perturbation due to the rotor speed recovery. On the other hand, the battery storage regulation is always of benefit to the system and mitigates the possible perturbation due to the wind units recovery. The second activity describes the evolution of system inertia and analyses the time profile of an index concerning the inertial amount per unit of generated power in a year 2030 scenario. in relation to the evolution of the energy mix. The activity is preliminary to future studies concerning the influence of the inertia spatial distribution on frequency stability.