Hierarchy of Intermolecular Interactions and Selective Topochemical Reactivity in Different Polymorphs of Fused-Ring Heteroaromatics

Here we report the solid-state experimental and computational analysis of naphtho[2,3-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (1) and naphtho[2,3-c][1,2,5]selenadiazole (2) showing that the three different crystal phases of polymorphic 1 and the sole crystal phase of nonpolymorphic 2 are characterized by predominance of some intermolecular motifs over the others. In particular, the intermolecular interactions present in the compounds, π···π, C-H···π, C-H···N, S···N, and Se···N, are hierarchically ranked, in such a way that in 1 polymorphism is observed, with the three different phases showing different combinations of the intermolecular interactions, while in 2 only the packing that maximizes the strongest intermolecular interaction by far, i.e., chalcogen bond, is observed. Moreover we also show that different packings produce different responses in the solid-state topochemical reactivity of the crystalline compounds, spanning from nonreactive packings to packings producing butterfly dimers. In order to rationalize the different responses, the relevance of the transverse parallel shift of molecules is suggested, as an important factor, in addition to the known Schmidt's rules for solid-state topochemical reactions.