History, National Identity and Architecture in the Last Royal Palaces in Europe (1861-1930): Turin, Budapest, Bucharest

The Royal Palaces in the capital cities usually come from a far past, showing the longevity of the dynasties, but in some circumstances these buildings have to be upgraded in order to correspond to a new status or to be built ex-novo. In this framework, the national and dynastic elements in art and architecture often play a great role. The palaces in Turin, Vienna, Budapest and Bucharest, from 1861 to 1919, tried to balance their international role as symbol of a European network of royal powers with their role as symbols of each nation and its specific history.