New trends in hierarchical vector bases functions

Computational electromagnetics is an active research area on the development and implementation of numerical methods and techniques for rigorous solutions of physical problems in the entire spectrum of electromagnetic waves from radio frequencies to gamma rays. While a set of Maxwell’s equations are sufficient to model most of the electromagnetic scenarios, analytical solutions are available only for a few canonical objects, making computational techniques inevitable for the analysis of real-life structures. Indeed, numerical methods and techniques that have been developed and implemented for more than 30 years are nowused everyday to solve complex problems in diverse application areas, including but not limited to antennas, telecommunications, biomedical imaging, sensing, energy harvesting, nanotechnology, and optics. While they were mostly academic before, increasing need for electromagnetic modeling in all areas of science and technology has led to commercial and noncommercial software packages that integrate various methods and techniques. These software tools, hence their application ranges, naturally depend on the new advances in the area of computational electromagnetics that is dynamically changing and evolving hand in hand with computational hardware.