Artificial intelligence and neural networks in urology: current clinical applications

As we enter the era of "big data", an increasing amount of complex health- care data will become available. These data are often redundant, "noisy", and characterized by wide variability. In order to offer a precise and transversal view of a clinical scenario the Artificial Intelligence (AI) with Machine learning (ML) algorithms and Artificial neuron networks (ANNs) process were adopted, with a promising wide diffusion in the near future. The present work aims to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the current and potential applications of AI and ANNs in Urology.