Ten years of the new tramline 4: reconnecting northern and southern neighbourhoods of Turin by public transport

Ten years after extension and renovation works were conducted on the line as part of the urban transformation process for the 2006 Winter Olympics, tramline 4 is the most widely used in Turin and has played a significant role in the evolution of public transport. Featuring a length of 15.8 km, 45 stops, approximately 60 min from one end of the route to the other and a frequency of 5 min in peak hours, tramline 4 is the most important infrastructure in the north–south axis of the city. It has also played a crucial role in reconnecting distant neighbourhoods to the rest of the city. Indeed, it crosses the city from one end to the other, revealing the complexity of the former Italian onecompany town. Thus, not only is tramline 4 a simple means of transport but also a mobile social and physical cross section of Turin.