Memristor and Translation Control in Cancer Immunology

The progression of technology in the field of cancer biology is allowing us to discover and understand novel unexplored molecular mechanism governing cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. Yet, a lot still needs to be done in order to achieve better a stable therapy for patients, including a precise personalized medicine that take into account specific genetic alterations. With this work I am providing a detailed contribution in the field of memristor, future fundamental player for the clinical diffusion of the sequencing technique, to conclude in a series of discoveries in the field of cancer immunology all based on the ribosome profiling sequencing approach. More in detail this work could be divided into three main parts: Memristor, Memristive application to RNA/DNA sequencing and cancer immunology. The first section it is focused on new advances in the field of Memristor. In particular, I present the GBCM model, the SBPI algorithm and the circuitry designed in order to implement the two features. Moreover, is presented a series of essays made to prove the efficiency of the dynamics of the perceptron. Such essays evaluate the characterization of the different impulses to the system, the learning dynamics — finding the most efficient learning strategies — and the robustness of the circuitry to various kinds of noises. The next part of this elaborate will focus on “memristive” application. In particular, I approached the study of nanopores as a novel physics system that can be effectively modelled by the usage of a series of memristive elements. Nanopores are widely used in the DNA/RNA sequencing even thought they require more implementing before become an impactful marketable device committed to low cost sequencing as shown in the “nanopore” section. During this section the memristive contribution and applications will be presented. In particular, in the last few years unbios DNA/RNA sequencing techniques have become fundamental to understand new molecular mechanism in biology. In cancer, DNA sequencing allowed scientists to discover a large number of genomic mutations promoting cellular transformation and cancer progression. Chronologically later, RNA sequencing disclose a specific and carefully controlled program in the chromatin undergoing the regulation of the transcription of specific mRNAs piloting oncologic phenotypes. In the last part of this section I will present a relatively novel sequencing technique (called ribosome profiling), and its implication in cancer immunology. This approach, by modifying the canonical RNA sequencing protocol allows to the detect the amount of ribosomes per transcripts potentially actively translating the the transcripts into proteins. In conclusion it is presented the sticking finding employing Ribosome Profiling, discovering how C-MYC contributes to the regulation of the innate immune response to protect the tumor niche from the cytotoxic activity of the CD3+ CD8+ lymphocytes.