Higher-order Techniques in Computational Electromagnetics

Higher Order Techniques in Computational Electromagnetics explains “high-order” techniques that can significantly improve the accuracy, computational cost, and reliability of computational techniques for high-frequency electromagnetics, such as antennas, microwave devices and radar scattering applications. The authors present high order basis function, explain their use, and illustrate their performance. The specific basis functions discussed were developed by the authors, and include scalar and vector functions for equations such as the vector Helmholtz equation and the electric field integral equation. The authors first consider the approximation of scalar functions, and explore the error in some of those representations. Singular functions (those that are unbounded) are also considered, since these often arise in practical EM problems. This book also discusses the approximation of vector functions, and summarize the various classes of vector basis functions used by the professional community. Following this, higher order basis functions is presented for the most common cell shapes used in finite element analysis procedures. Finally, considerations are made for some of the implementation details associated with the use of these functions for integral equation/method of moments formulations and differential equation/finite element method approaches.