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Enhancing Cement Paste Properties with Biochar: Mechanical and Rheological Insights

Biochar, the solid sub-product of biomass pyrolysis, is widely considered an effective water retention material thanks to its porous microstructure and high specific surface area. This study investigates the possibility of improving both mechanical and rheological properties of cement pastes on a micro-scale. The results show that using biochar as a reinforcement at low percentages (1% to 5% by weight of cement) results in an increase in compressive strength of 13% and the flexural strength o...

University technological output and industrial specialization in Italian regions

Regional specialization is a complex evolutionary process in which new industries and technologies evolve from existing ones following a non-ergodic path-dependent branching process. Although the scientific literature acknowledges the role of uni- versities in shaping both the industrial and technological trajectories of geographical regions, empirical studies analyzing the link with the emergence of a local industrial specialization are relatively few. Our work contributes to filling th...

A combination technique for optimal control problems constrained by random PDEs

We present a combination technique based on mixed differences of both spatial approximations and quadrature formulae for the stochastic variables to solve efficiently a class of Optimal Control Problems (OCPs) constrained by random partial differential equations. The method requires to solve the OCP for several low-fidelity spatial grids and quadrature formulae for the objective functional. All the computed solutions are then linearly combined to get a final approximation which, under suitabl...

A dynamic accounting method for CO2 emissions to assess the penetration of low-carbon fuels: application to the TEMOA-Italy energy system optimization model

A correct counting of greenhouse gas emissions, mainly CO2, is crucial in energy system optimization models, widely used to assess the effectiveness of decarbonization strategies. Sectorial emissions are typically computed at each modeled time period using commodity-specific factors based on a given static fuel composition. For fuels generated by combining fossil and low-carbon commodities, however, the share of the low-carbon component may change over time. Under certain fractions, the blend...

Federated Learning Under Heterogeneous and Correlated Client Availability

In Federated Learning (FL), devices - also referred to as clients - can exhibit heterogeneous availability patterns, often correlated over time and with other clients. This paper addresses the problem of heterogeneous and correlated client availability in FL. Our theoretical analysis is the first to demonstrate the negative impact of correlation on FL algorithms' convergence rate and highlights a trade-off between optimization error (related to convergence speed) and bias error (indicative o...

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