Bioactive glasses and porous bio-ceramics in dentistry

Bioactive glasses (BGs), glass-ceramics, and ceramics (e.g., hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphates) are considered ideal biomaterials for bone-contact applications, given their compositional and structural similarity to the mineral phase of osseous tissue. In the dental field, they are therefore used for the repair of the alveolar bone, which supports the teeth, as well as other mineralized substances like enamel. Furthermore, the compositional versatility and antibacterial properties of BGs are highly valuable. This chapter provides a concise overview of the applications of these materials in dentistry, with an emphasis on porous structures. The different methods for fabricating porous glasses and ceramics are outlined, including subtractive and additive manufacturing technologies for producing prosthetic restorations. Focus on mechanical properties is given, considering their importance for the implant success.