The World Big Challenges Faced by Nanoscience: Examples of How Integrated Science Can Save the World

Our world has plenty of challenges, concerns, as well as human and environmental problems. One cannot solve most of them, but constructive human cooperation is essential. Science and engineering can also contribute, applying a broad and multidisciplinary approach. Nanotechnology deals with the creation and manipulation of matter on a scale ranging from 1 to 100 nm. This science field that emerged in the late’50 s has revolutionized the comprehension of matter and opened the door to a plethora of novel, unprecedented, and intriguing applications and solutions to current problems. This chapter aims to overview the most urgent world challenges of our era, potentially solved by employing nanotechnologies. The idea is to trace a direction to which all from scientists, professionals, and experts, to industrial people, policymakers, young people, and students can recognize with their professionality and create a common conscience and integrity on where we are and where we are going. Some of the most urgent problems of our modern world can be solved by employing nanotechnologies and all related nanomaterials involving sciences.