Vertical greening systems for wastewater treatment

The utilization of decentralized water treatment using nature-based solutions (NBSs) has become an important topic. In densely populated urban settings, the integration of NBS into building designs, such as vertical greening systems (VGSs), has a high potential to implement the needed concept of water reuse in our cities. These systems not only require water for their operational needs but can also efficiently treat water, utilizing processes similar processes to those found in treatment wetlands. The main body of literature investiages the use of graywater for both irrigation and treatment within VGS. Variations are observed in the overall design, the types of plant growing media used, organic load, and the overall effectiveness of treatment across different studies. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the available research and discusses the necessary advancements required to promote the widespread implementation of VGS for graywater treatment.