Digital Twin for Smart School Buildings: State of the Art, Challenges, and Opportunities

Industry 4.0 is encouraging the introduction of pioneering technologies even in the construction industry. Along with the development of high technology, such as augmented reality, virtual reality, and cloud computing, the development of digital twin has been growing. This contribution aims to present the potential of digital twin in the construction field, suggesting a framework that outlines the many different possible applications in construction, with reference to school buildings. First, it summarizes the current overview of digital twin applications in building construction. Then it shows that significant steps that are being taken beyond the digital model, even if the implementation of the digital twin concept in its full meaning is still a long way off. The research is moving in this direction and the evolution of the current state of the art, combined with the experience gained in the industrial sector, will soon bring a new revolution in the construction industry.