Statistical physics is a subject in which determinism and randomness, probabilities and rigorous laws relating material properties of macroscopic objects are finely intertwined. This calls for particular care in the interpretation of results. When this is done, statistical physics, and in particular its nonequilbrium branch, applies very widely to natural phenomena, but also to other fields, in which a statistical treatment is appropriate. In this paper, the fundamental elements and results of this subject, meant to interpret the thermodynamic picture of matter in terms of the atomic hypothesis, are reviewed. These include the Brownian motion; the Fluctutation Dissipation Theorem; the Boltzmann equation; the fluctuation relations; the linear and the non-perturbative response theory. Furthemore, recent applications ranging from active matter to the detection of gravitational waves and to machine learning are briefly summarized. The literature cited in support of the text is supplemented by a list of further readings, meant to fill some of the very many inevitable gaps in the presentation of this subject.

Introduction to Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics and Its Foundations / Rondoni, Lamberto (SOFT AND BIOLOGICAL MATTER). - In: Frontiers and Progress of Current Soft Matter Research / Xiang-Yang Liu. - STAMPA. - Singapore : Springer Nature, 2021. - ISBN 978-981-15-9296-6. - pp. 1-82 [10.1007/978-981-15-9297-3_1]

Introduction to Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics and Its Foundations

Rondoni, Lamberto
2021

Abstract

Statistical physics is a subject in which determinism and randomness, probabilities and rigorous laws relating material properties of macroscopic objects are finely intertwined. This calls for particular care in the interpretation of results. When this is done, statistical physics, and in particular its nonequilbrium branch, applies very widely to natural phenomena, but also to other fields, in which a statistical treatment is appropriate. In this paper, the fundamental elements and results of this subject, meant to interpret the thermodynamic picture of matter in terms of the atomic hypothesis, are reviewed. These include the Brownian motion; the Fluctutation Dissipation Theorem; the Boltzmann equation; the fluctuation relations; the linear and the non-perturbative response theory. Furthemore, recent applications ranging from active matter to the detection of gravitational waves and to machine learning are briefly summarized. The literature cited in support of the text is supplemented by a list of further readings, meant to fill some of the very many inevitable gaps in the presentation of this subject.
2021
978-981-15-9296-6
978-981-15-9297-3
Frontiers and Progress of Current Soft Matter Research
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11583/2862852