The PhD involves the Politecnico di Torino, through the PhD Programme (ScuDO), the two departments of Sistemi di Produzione Industriale (DISPEA) and Progettazione Architettonica e Disegno Industriale (DIPRADI) and Alenia Aeronautica, a Finmeccanica company. Collaboration is reported on a specific agreement done by Alenia and Politecnico to establish the common area of research. The topics have been proposed by Alenia and arranged with the Department. Interdisciplinary is the core issue of the two studies. Both of the works has been done on the UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicle) system, although it might seem to belong to a specific field of aeronautics, actually the topic have been faced from the Human Factor view. The group integration at the company level it is mainly concerned with HMI (Human Machine Interface) issues in addition to the design of the ground station to manage the vehicle and the payload. The research purpose is the analysis and the design of interfaces that help an operator / pilot to manage a UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicle). The key field has been the ergonomics in its two areas of study: physical and cognitive development. The crucial cultural background is based on the multidisciplinary approach belong to the design and overall to the systemic design. Starting from the holistic relief, this approach creates a network of relationships by highlighting new connections and identifying the critical path. The design is no longer focused on the product, but on the subject. The point of view in the design should always be to consider man at the center of the project, building the most appropriate instruments to achieve different purposes. The study of current research in these areas was essential to understand what are the relationships existing between people and the machine, preventing errors through proper planning. The user should not adapt to the logic and reasoning, often rigid, of the instruments, but vice versa. The interface should be a natural extension of the subject. Both issues have deepened over interface design, the way in human-machine interaction, understood in its broadest sense of the instrument. A uninterrupted feedback from different subjects (pilots and operators) involved was secured in the early stages of the project and will continue with practice tests in the later stages. It was carried out research in theoretical methods of cognitive ergonomics in order to meet the test. Having the chance to design with the continued support ensures the end user, at least in part, to prevent errors and to judge the project to future operations. One element to be reckoned with is the fact that UAVs are becoming a reality only in the last decade, the issue is evolving and also the user of reference is not so clear and specified, in some cases, these drivers in other highly skilled operators. All systems require an unmanned ground control station (GCS Ground Control Station) with an appropriate human-machine interface. The physical separation between vehicle and pilot / operator involves a greater focus in the design of the instruments with which the operator has to manage the plane. In fact, the biggest challenge in the field of unmanned vehicle is able to ensure proper awareness of the environment (Situation Awareness). The most common definition of situation awareness is given by dr. Mica Endsley founder and president of SA Technologies, which mainly divided into three levels: perception of the environmental elements, understanding of their meaning and projection of them in the immediate future. Ensuring a system designed to withstand the physical separation between pilot and plane in all three levels is the basis for preventing errors and facilitating interaction and mediated control of the vehicle. We are witnessing a sort of schizophrenia skill of the pilot, because the enormous experience gained in the operational field allows him to have excellent ability to control, but at the same time it is deprived of a fundamental physical contact with the vehicle. Piloting manned vehicle, the pilot , thanks to a long training and practice, develops a kind of sixth sense. In addiction to eyesight, he heightens the sense of touch and hearing as well connected to the flight deck. Every vibration and noise are predictive elements to prevent mistakes or blowout. Once removed from his natural habitat and placed inside a container on the ground physically distant from the vehicle, he is normal to feel limited. When many points of reference are missing, you can feel disoriented, despite the presence of a guidance room. The ever-changing and dynamic environment also means that only recently feel the need to standardize the procedures in the operational, administrative and logistical support. In addition to providing guidelines on the usability of the interfaces there is the issue of technical interoperability between a variety of communication systems and information. In fact, in the near future the various ground stations will be able to govern not only a vehicle but more elements that differ from each other. This possibility means that the interfaces for both systems studied (main display and planner) are as flexible as possible and able to adapt to constant developments and changes. Creating a ground station matching the standard allows the system to be seen uav interchangeable network . Designing with the concept of inter-operability allows you to create and develop in the future, an open and adaptable system. The ultimate goals of both projects have been of design that executive nature. The client company Alenia Aeronautica in fact, have the ability to test the two projects during the future flight campaigns . It is therefore to validate, in one case, all the contents included in the display that the pilot has served in the ground station. In the other case to test the effectiveness and usability of mission planning.
Interfacce Cognitive Innovative per Operatori di Velivoli non Pilotati. Il progetto_Main Display / DI SALVO, Andrea. - (2011).
Interfacce Cognitive Innovative per Operatori di Velivoli non Pilotati. Il progetto_Main Display
DI SALVO, ANDREA
2011
Abstract
The PhD involves the Politecnico di Torino, through the PhD Programme (ScuDO), the two departments of Sistemi di Produzione Industriale (DISPEA) and Progettazione Architettonica e Disegno Industriale (DIPRADI) and Alenia Aeronautica, a Finmeccanica company. Collaboration is reported on a specific agreement done by Alenia and Politecnico to establish the common area of research. The topics have been proposed by Alenia and arranged with the Department. Interdisciplinary is the core issue of the two studies. Both of the works has been done on the UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicle) system, although it might seem to belong to a specific field of aeronautics, actually the topic have been faced from the Human Factor view. The group integration at the company level it is mainly concerned with HMI (Human Machine Interface) issues in addition to the design of the ground station to manage the vehicle and the payload. The research purpose is the analysis and the design of interfaces that help an operator / pilot to manage a UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicle). The key field has been the ergonomics in its two areas of study: physical and cognitive development. The crucial cultural background is based on the multidisciplinary approach belong to the design and overall to the systemic design. Starting from the holistic relief, this approach creates a network of relationships by highlighting new connections and identifying the critical path. The design is no longer focused on the product, but on the subject. The point of view in the design should always be to consider man at the center of the project, building the most appropriate instruments to achieve different purposes. The study of current research in these areas was essential to understand what are the relationships existing between people and the machine, preventing errors through proper planning. The user should not adapt to the logic and reasoning, often rigid, of the instruments, but vice versa. The interface should be a natural extension of the subject. Both issues have deepened over interface design, the way in human-machine interaction, understood in its broadest sense of the instrument. A uninterrupted feedback from different subjects (pilots and operators) involved was secured in the early stages of the project and will continue with practice tests in the later stages. It was carried out research in theoretical methods of cognitive ergonomics in order to meet the test. Having the chance to design with the continued support ensures the end user, at least in part, to prevent errors and to judge the project to future operations. One element to be reckoned with is the fact that UAVs are becoming a reality only in the last decade, the issue is evolving and also the user of reference is not so clear and specified, in some cases, these drivers in other highly skilled operators. All systems require an unmanned ground control station (GCS Ground Control Station) with an appropriate human-machine interface. The physical separation between vehicle and pilot / operator involves a greater focus in the design of the instruments with which the operator has to manage the plane. In fact, the biggest challenge in the field of unmanned vehicle is able to ensure proper awareness of the environment (Situation Awareness). The most common definition of situation awareness is given by dr. Mica Endsley founder and president of SA Technologies, which mainly divided into three levels: perception of the environmental elements, understanding of their meaning and projection of them in the immediate future. Ensuring a system designed to withstand the physical separation between pilot and plane in all three levels is the basis for preventing errors and facilitating interaction and mediated control of the vehicle. We are witnessing a sort of schizophrenia skill of the pilot, because the enormous experience gained in the operational field allows him to have excellent ability to control, but at the same time it is deprived of a fundamental physical contact with the vehicle. Piloting manned vehicle, the pilot , thanks to a long training and practice, develops a kind of sixth sense. In addiction to eyesight, he heightens the sense of touch and hearing as well connected to the flight deck. Every vibration and noise are predictive elements to prevent mistakes or blowout. Once removed from his natural habitat and placed inside a container on the ground physically distant from the vehicle, he is normal to feel limited. When many points of reference are missing, you can feel disoriented, despite the presence of a guidance room. The ever-changing and dynamic environment also means that only recently feel the need to standardize the procedures in the operational, administrative and logistical support. In addition to providing guidelines on the usability of the interfaces there is the issue of technical interoperability between a variety of communication systems and information. In fact, in the near future the various ground stations will be able to govern not only a vehicle but more elements that differ from each other. This possibility means that the interfaces for both systems studied (main display and planner) are as flexible as possible and able to adapt to constant developments and changes. Creating a ground station matching the standard allows the system to be seen uav interchangeable network . Designing with the concept of inter-operability allows you to create and develop in the future, an open and adaptable system. The ultimate goals of both projects have been of design that executive nature. The client company Alenia Aeronautica in fact, have the ability to test the two projects during the future flight campaigns . It is therefore to validate, in one case, all the contents included in the display that the pilot has served in the ground station. In the other case to test the effectiveness and usability of mission planning.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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https://hdl.handle.net/11583/2596156
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