The Eclipses in Livy's Ab Urbe Condita

Titus Livius (Livy) is mentioning some eclipses in his monumental history of Rome, entitled Ab Urbe Condita Libri. For two of these eclipses, Livy is also reporting the dates. One occurred during the Ludi Apollinares, in the year of the consulship of Lucius Cornelius. Livy dated the eclipse 11 Quintilis. Astronomy dated it 14 March 190 BC (Julian date). The other eclipse is that at the time of the Pydna battle and it is the lunar eclipse of 21 June 168 BC (Julian date). Livy tells that it occurred during the night between 3 and 4 September. The differences between astronomical and historical dates are due to the manner the lunisolar Roman republican calendar was managed in that period by the college of Roman pontifices. Here we discuss the eclipses reported by Livy to point out the problems of the Roman chronology, when it is involving the republican calendar.