Landscape resilience and UNESCO Cultural Landscapes. The relation between resilience and the landscape identity in response to the anthropogenic variation of the systems.

In living landscapes, permanence and identity necessitate introducing co-evolutive resilience concepts in planning. Lack of adaptability is identified in the Management Plans of UNESCO “Cultural Landscapes” about discounting identity compared to newcomers. The “Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato” and the “Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces” case studies are identified to investigate social adaptive changes, in a long term. As preserving “the know-how and approaches to protect cultural heritage … leads to the possibility of increasing the intrinsic resilience of a system”, “heritage can be used as a pivotal element to improve social resilience” (Brunetta et al., 2019). Consequently, what is the relationship between resilience and identity? What is the ratio of permanence to change, towards a community-led approach? Qualitative findings might encourage site managing bodies to “reinforce the community role and the adaptive capacity” (Moulaert et al., 2007; Brunetta et al., 2019) in critical systems (Coaffee, 2019).